During pregnancy, the placenta produces a protein called PAPP-A, or pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Because it fosters the growth and development of both the placenta and the fetus, it is essential for sustaining fetal development. A blood test that is usually done as part of prenatal screening in the first trimester of pregnancy can be used to evaluate PAPP-A levels. An higher risk of specific pregnancy issues, such as chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, or miscarriage, may be indicated by aberrant levels of PAPP-A. The interpretation of PAPP-A test results is frequently combined with that of other prenatal screening tests, like maternal serum screening and nuchal translucency ultrasound, in order to determine the total risk of chromosomal abnormalities and other pregnancy-related illnesses. Including “(HHD)” indicates the particular situation or